{"id":7476,"date":"2024-04-01T15:06:27","date_gmt":"2024-04-01T07:06:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/?p=7476"},"modified":"2024-06-14T10:31:33","modified_gmt":"2024-06-14T02:31:33","slug":"what-is-atomic-layer-deposition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/en\/insight-2\/application\/what-is-atomic-layer-deposition\/","title":{"rendered":"Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Principles, Benefits, and Applications"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7476\" class=\"elementor elementor-7476\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3c2ca2a elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3c2ca2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e8962c\" data-id=\"5e8962c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2ab56e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2ab56e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-36820a8\" data-id=\"36820a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60efc8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60efc8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 20-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Principles, Advantages and Applications<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28f09af elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"28f09af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/css\/widget-icon-list.min.css\"><link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/css\/widget-theme-elements.min.css\">\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-577f4c4\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/en\/2024\/04\/01\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>2024-04-01<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c3ab44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6c3ab44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 20-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/660bb17c8b2bf8fe924d6e14.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7531\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/660bb17c8b2bf8fe924d6e14.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/660bb17c8b2bf8fe924d6e14-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/660bb17c8b2bf8fe924d6e14-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/660bb17c8b2bf8fe924d6e14-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/660bb17c8b2bf8fe924d6e14-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9f8d97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9f8d97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 20-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a high-precision coating preparation technique in which the film thickness can be grown at the atomic level. This technique has great advantages in terms of film thickness control, film thickness uniformity, and the degree of coverage of complex shaped components, and is considered to be a very effective method for the preparation of high-density coatings.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a095d06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a095d06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Principles of ALD technology<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c3fde2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c3fde2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) deposits thin films layer by layer on the surface of a substrate by alternately introducing precursor gases. Its main steps include:<\/p><ol><li>Precursor adsorption: Precursor A is introduced into the reaction chamber to form a monolayer adsorption layer on the surface of the substrate.<\/li><li>Pulse cleaning: Cleaning of unadsorbed precursor molecules and by-products with inert gas.<\/li><li>Reaction to produce a thin film: Precursor B is introduced and chemically reacts with adsorbed precursor A to produce a thin film of one atomic layer.<\/li><li>Repeat cycle: deposition of thin films layer by layer by alternately introducing precursors A and B until the desired thickness is reached.<\/li><\/ol><p>This method ensures highly accurate thickness control and uniform film deposition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbbb4e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dbbb4e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Advantages of ALD technology<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f056c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f056c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Highly accurate thickness control: ALD enables thickness control at the atomic level, depositing one atomic layer per reaction cycle.<\/li><li>Excellent film uniformity: ALD can form uniform films on complex morphologies and high aspect ratio structures.<\/li><li>High-quality films: The deposited films are dense and non-porous, with excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability.<\/li><li>Wide range of material applicability: Various metals, oxides, nitrides and other materials can be deposited.<\/li><li>Low deposition temperature: suitable for temperature sensitive substrates and devices.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34f1aee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34f1aee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Application of ALD technology<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21de505 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21de505\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>semiconductor manufacturing<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Gate Oxide<\/strong>: Gate oxide layer for MOSFETs, e.g. HfO2, Al2O3.<\/li><li><strong>High-k dielectric<\/strong>: Used in memory devices such as DRAM.<\/li><li><strong>diffusion barrier<\/strong>: e.g. TiN, TaN for metal interconnect layers.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>optoelectronic device<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO)<\/strong>: e.g. ZnO, ITO for solar cells and displays.<\/li><li><strong>optical coating<\/strong>: Anti-reflective coatings, permeation enhancement films.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Energy and Environment<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Battery Materials<\/strong>: Positive and negative electrode coatings for lithium ion batteries.<\/li><li><strong>fuel cell<\/strong>: Catalyst layer and protective layer.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>biomedical<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Biocompatible coatings<\/strong>: e.g. TiO2, Al2O3 for medical devices and implants.<\/li><li><strong>Drug delivery systems<\/strong>: Controls the rate of drug release.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>nanotechnology<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Nanowire and nanotube coatings<\/strong>: for functional coatings on nanostructured surfaces.<\/li><li><strong>nanoporous material<\/strong>: for nanoporous coatings in catalysts, sensors and filters.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fbf353 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0fbf353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 20-03-2024 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container{height:100%;width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty{position:relative;min-height:22px;min-width:22px}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d804627 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d804627\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Machinable materials:<\/strong><\/p><p>Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium oxide (TiO2), hafnium oxide (HfO2), silicon nitride (Si3N4),<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/en\/insight-2\/application\/ald-preparation-of-tin-film\/\">Titanium Nitride (TiN)<\/a>Aluminum Nitride (AlN), Titanium (Ti), Platinum (Pt)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66cbfee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66cbfee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We offer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/en\/customized-services\/coating-technology-thin-film-lamination-2\/atomic-layer-deposition-contract-processing-2\/\">Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) OEM Customization Services<\/a>, Feel free to leave a message to inquire.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c1417a uael-mobile-wpf-button-justify uael-wpf-style-box uael-wpf-input-size-sm uael-wpf-button-left uael-wpf-btn-size-sm uael-wpf-highlight-style-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-wpf-styler\" data-id=\"6c1417a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2890e32db03fae1fa2ab67a6ed9c0d8-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2890e32db03fae1fa2ab67a6ed9c0d8.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/en\/customized-services\/coating-technology-thin-film-lamination-2\/atomic-layer-deposition-contract-processing-2\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tAtomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Foundry Processing\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/en\/customized-services\/coating-technology-thin-film-lamination-2\/atomic-layer-deposition-contract-processing-2\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Foundry Processing\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \"\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-7344 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry category-process tag-process\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/en\/customized-services\/coating-technology-thin-film-lamination-2\/chemical-vapor-deposition-2\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/f394ed96-eaca-40cc-83f6-ebadaea95553-300x200.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-7347\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/f394ed96-eaca-40cc-83f6-ebadaea95553-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/f394ed96-eaca-40cc-83f6-ebadaea95553-1024x684.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/f394ed96-eaca-40cc-83f6-ebadaea95553-768x513.png 768w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/f394ed96-eaca-40cc-83f6-ebadaea95553-1536x1025.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/f394ed96-eaca-40cc-83f6-ebadaea95553-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/elementor\/thumbs\/f394ed96-eaca-40cc-83f6-ebadaea95553-qlt2nzpy27w47wpv9hvjdczv85dnqtqc8q83uvppb4.png 360w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/f394ed96-eaca-40cc-83f6-ebadaea95553.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/en\/customized-services\/coating-technology-thin-film-lamination-2\/chemical-vapor-deposition-2\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tChemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 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src=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/59c77cbc-ce7b-4fe7-99ce-ee924312b932-300x200.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-7357\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/59c77cbc-ce7b-4fe7-99ce-ee924312b932-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/59c77cbc-ce7b-4fe7-99ce-ee924312b932-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/59c77cbc-ce7b-4fe7-99ce-ee924312b932-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/59c77cbc-ce7b-4fe7-99ce-ee924312b932-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/elementor\/thumbs\/59c77cbc-ce7b-4fe7-99ce-ee924312b932-qlti2lfsi53oh54jrq611wpt5lt6dogutrcqlbec0w.png 360w, https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/59c77cbc-ce7b-4fe7-99ce-ee924312b932.png 1508w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" 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class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>This paper will describe the properties and advantages of silicon nitride thin film windows and discuss four common applications in the life sciences.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/en\/insight-2\/application\/silicon-nitride-bioscience-applications-2\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Exploring 4 Applications of Silicon Nitride Thin Film Windows in Bioscience\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \"\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cffadd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4cffadd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanofab.com.cn\/en\/insights-2\/\">More Related...<\/a><\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Principles, Advantages and Applications Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is a technique for the preparation of high-precision coatings with film thicknesses that can be realized in atomic water 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